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SQL vs NoSQL

14. 10. 2025 1 min read intermediate

SQL for relational data and transactions, NoSQL for flexibility and horizontal scaling.

SQL

  • ACID transactions
  • Fixed schema
  • JOIN operations
  • Primarily vertical scaling
  • PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite

NoSQL

  • Various models (document, key-value, graph, columnar)
  • Flexible schema
  • Horizontal scaling
  • Eventual consistency (typically)
  • MongoDB, Redis, Cassandra, DynamoDB

CAP Theorem

A distributed system can guarantee at most 2 of 3: Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance. SQL prefers CP, NoSQL often AP.

When to Use Which

  • SQL — relational data, transactions, reporting, analytics
  • Document (MongoDB) — flexible schemas, CMS, catalogs
  • Key-Value (Redis) — cache, sessions, counters
  • Wide-Column (Cassandra) — time series, write-heavy
  • Graph (Neo4j) — social networks, knowledge graphs

SQL Is the Default

SQL for most use cases. NoSQL for specific workloads.

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Stavíme core systémy a AI agenty, které drží provoz. 15 let zkušeností s enterprise IT.